Fluoride is a mineral that is often advertised in various types of food products and toothpaste. These micronutrients are necessary for health. However, if excessive can cause bone and tooth disease, cancer, and reduce children's intelligence.
Minerals began to be considered as one of the micronutrients essential since the mid-19th century. At that time the researchers feed the rats with a mixture of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water. They think that the element has encompassed everything in the food. However, it turns out the dead animals.
Finally concluded that there was an element missing (missing element) in foodstuffs, which clearly required in growth. The element in question is a mineral.
Until now known to exist around 21 types of minerals the body needs, one of which is fluoride (fluoride). Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine that the body needs for strong bones and teeth. Its main function to prevent dental caries.
Bone Disease
Fluoride is easily found in everyday life. Most drinking water has fluoride levels are high enough. Naturally, fluoride is found only in small amounts. Fluoride can be found in toothpaste and in the form of food supplements (food supplements).
Tea leaves and food from the sea is a natural product that has the highest fluoride content. Thus, the culture of drinking tea is good for maintaining dental health. Drink tea polyphenols also contribute, which is one of the most important antioxidants for improving community health status.
Fluoride plays an important role in bone mineralization and the hardening of tooth enamel. Low intake of fluoride will cause dental caries. This can be overcome by addition of 1 mg of fluoride per liter of drinking water. Fluoride balance in the body governed by excretion through the kidneys.
Fluoride intake of 0.1 mg / kg body weight / day may cause mottled teeth (mottled), which are symptoms of fluorosis (excess fluoride intake) light. High chronic intake of fluoride can cause bone disease and joint abnormalities.
Fluorosis prevalent in Tanzania, South Africa, India, China, and Senegal, the groundwater contains fluoride which can be entered directly into the food or through the plant. In other tropical and subtropical countries, most of the fluoride intake from drinking water, so the content fluoridanya still within safe limits.
Adequacy Recommendation
Determination of the adequacy of fluoride for all age groups conducted by the IOM (Institute of Medicine)-United States in 1997. Upper limit of fluoride are safe according to the IOM in 1997 was 0.7 mg / day for infants 0-6 months: 0.9 mg / day for groups of 7-11 months, 1.3 mg / day for children aged 1-3 years; 2 , 2 mg / day for children 4-8 years; and 10 mg / day for groups over 8 years, including in women who are pregnant and lactating women. The table presents the number Adequacy of Nutrition (RDA) of fluoride set by the National Food and Nutrition Widyakarya (WNPG 2004).
Factors affecting the bioavailability of fluoride needs (bioavailability) and the presence of other nutrients. Bioavailability of fluoride is very high. In the form of sodium fluoride, the absorption is almost close to perfect. However, with milk or food containing high calcium, absorbed power decreased, stayed 25 percent. Foods high in calcium will increase the excretion of fluoride.
Fluoride deficiency is very rare. Fluoride deficiency will lead to dental caries and number of teeth that grow not reach the normal amount. Fluorosis starting to look at the early age of 6 years. Men are more often affected than women fluorosis.
Blackish mottled tooth enamel or an early sign of fluorosis, the patient experienced further stages of stiffness, joint pain, deformed spine (humpback) and legs bent. Low calcium intake and high molybdenum will exacerbate the syndrome. High fluoride intake will affect the metabolism of iodine, which can lead to hypothyroidism.
Prevent cavities
Fluoride is a mineral essential for healthy teeth, namely strengthening the e-mail (surface) of the teeth and prevent cavities. Fluoride can increase the resilience of email against dissolution by acids. Based on data from the epidemic in Indonesian society, the risk of cavities larger with age.
From the data obtained during the period 1984 to 1988, as much as 45.2 percent of children aged 8 years in urban areas suffer from dental caries. The number of patients increased to 73.2 percent in the age group 14 years. Entering the adult age group (35-44 years), rates of dental caries is increasing (87.1 percent).
The same trend also occurred in rural communities. However, in rural communities, the percentage of sufferers is not as much as in urban communities, as many as 39 percent in children aged 8 years.
The disease is caused by cavities coccus-shaped bacteria that live in habitats that contain oxygen (aerobe). These bacteria produce acids (acidogenic) and liked the atmosphere of acid (acidoduric). One of the major bacteria that cause cavities are Streptococus mutans.
Most important factors that could cause disease cavities is plaque. Plaque is a bacterial mass attached to the tooth surface. Plaques are usually attached to the tooth surface is difficult to reach the tongue or a toothbrush, as the gap between two teeth.
Plaque, which is a mass of bacteria, if it meets with the sugar from food (especially carbohydrates) will produce lactic acid. Acid is what causes the dissolution of minerals from the tooth surface or it is called demineralization, so that the teeth become sensitive. If this process is run repeatedly will cause cavities.
The use of fluoride is believed to reduce the rottenness of the teeth to protect them from lactic acid through the formation of fluorapatite compounds that are harder and more resistant to acid than hydroxyapatite compound found in tooth enamel.
Australia is a country that succeeded in suppressing the number of people with tooth decay after fluoride use. Previously, the State Kangaroo is one of the country with rates of cavities are high.
European countries generally managed to suppress the number of patients with tooth decay by half within the first ten years since the discovery of fluoride (Anonymous, 2002). Some of the toothpaste industry has even found a use bifluorida innovation, namely the use of sodium fluoride and sodium phosphate monofluorida in one package, so it can meet each other in the provision of active fluorine.
Minerals began to be considered as one of the micronutrients essential since the mid-19th century. At that time the researchers feed the rats with a mixture of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water. They think that the element has encompassed everything in the food. However, it turns out the dead animals.
Finally concluded that there was an element missing (missing element) in foodstuffs, which clearly required in growth. The element in question is a mineral.
Until now known to exist around 21 types of minerals the body needs, one of which is fluoride (fluoride). Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine that the body needs for strong bones and teeth. Its main function to prevent dental caries.
Bone Disease
Fluoride is easily found in everyday life. Most drinking water has fluoride levels are high enough. Naturally, fluoride is found only in small amounts. Fluoride can be found in toothpaste and in the form of food supplements (food supplements).
Tea leaves and food from the sea is a natural product that has the highest fluoride content. Thus, the culture of drinking tea is good for maintaining dental health. Drink tea polyphenols also contribute, which is one of the most important antioxidants for improving community health status.
Fluoride plays an important role in bone mineralization and the hardening of tooth enamel. Low intake of fluoride will cause dental caries. This can be overcome by addition of 1 mg of fluoride per liter of drinking water. Fluoride balance in the body governed by excretion through the kidneys.
Fluoride intake of 0.1 mg / kg body weight / day may cause mottled teeth (mottled), which are symptoms of fluorosis (excess fluoride intake) light. High chronic intake of fluoride can cause bone disease and joint abnormalities.
Fluorosis prevalent in Tanzania, South Africa, India, China, and Senegal, the groundwater contains fluoride which can be entered directly into the food or through the plant. In other tropical and subtropical countries, most of the fluoride intake from drinking water, so the content fluoridanya still within safe limits.
Adequacy Recommendation
Determination of the adequacy of fluoride for all age groups conducted by the IOM (Institute of Medicine)-United States in 1997. Upper limit of fluoride are safe according to the IOM in 1997 was 0.7 mg / day for infants 0-6 months: 0.9 mg / day for groups of 7-11 months, 1.3 mg / day for children aged 1-3 years; 2 , 2 mg / day for children 4-8 years; and 10 mg / day for groups over 8 years, including in women who are pregnant and lactating women. The table presents the number Adequacy of Nutrition (RDA) of fluoride set by the National Food and Nutrition Widyakarya (WNPG 2004).
Factors affecting the bioavailability of fluoride needs (bioavailability) and the presence of other nutrients. Bioavailability of fluoride is very high. In the form of sodium fluoride, the absorption is almost close to perfect. However, with milk or food containing high calcium, absorbed power decreased, stayed 25 percent. Foods high in calcium will increase the excretion of fluoride.
Fluoride deficiency is very rare. Fluoride deficiency will lead to dental caries and number of teeth that grow not reach the normal amount. Fluorosis starting to look at the early age of 6 years. Men are more often affected than women fluorosis.
Blackish mottled tooth enamel or an early sign of fluorosis, the patient experienced further stages of stiffness, joint pain, deformed spine (humpback) and legs bent. Low calcium intake and high molybdenum will exacerbate the syndrome. High fluoride intake will affect the metabolism of iodine, which can lead to hypothyroidism.
Prevent cavities
Fluoride is a mineral essential for healthy teeth, namely strengthening the e-mail (surface) of the teeth and prevent cavities. Fluoride can increase the resilience of email against dissolution by acids. Based on data from the epidemic in Indonesian society, the risk of cavities larger with age.
From the data obtained during the period 1984 to 1988, as much as 45.2 percent of children aged 8 years in urban areas suffer from dental caries. The number of patients increased to 73.2 percent in the age group 14 years. Entering the adult age group (35-44 years), rates of dental caries is increasing (87.1 percent).
The same trend also occurred in rural communities. However, in rural communities, the percentage of sufferers is not as much as in urban communities, as many as 39 percent in children aged 8 years.
The disease is caused by cavities coccus-shaped bacteria that live in habitats that contain oxygen (aerobe). These bacteria produce acids (acidogenic) and liked the atmosphere of acid (acidoduric). One of the major bacteria that cause cavities are Streptococus mutans.
Most important factors that could cause disease cavities is plaque. Plaque is a bacterial mass attached to the tooth surface. Plaques are usually attached to the tooth surface is difficult to reach the tongue or a toothbrush, as the gap between two teeth.
Plaque, which is a mass of bacteria, if it meets with the sugar from food (especially carbohydrates) will produce lactic acid. Acid is what causes the dissolution of minerals from the tooth surface or it is called demineralization, so that the teeth become sensitive. If this process is run repeatedly will cause cavities.
The use of fluoride is believed to reduce the rottenness of the teeth to protect them from lactic acid through the formation of fluorapatite compounds that are harder and more resistant to acid than hydroxyapatite compound found in tooth enamel.
Australia is a country that succeeded in suppressing the number of people with tooth decay after fluoride use. Previously, the State Kangaroo is one of the country with rates of cavities are high.
European countries generally managed to suppress the number of patients with tooth decay by half within the first ten years since the discovery of fluoride (Anonymous, 2002). Some of the toothpaste industry has even found a use bifluorida innovation, namely the use of sodium fluoride and sodium phosphate monofluorida in one package, so it can meet each other in the provision of active fluorine.
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